Brownson, Orestes (1803-1876): Orestes Brownson (1803-1876) try a nineteenth century societal intellectual in the usa
He defended Catholicism and its own compatibility having American society, which was debatable at the time, to have Catholics had been a tiny minority many Protestant Us americans viewed having doubt. For lots more on Orestes Brownson, click on this link.
Buddha: It literally form person who has „awakened,” getting together with enlightenment and you will escaping rebirth (look for samsara). In addition, it ‘s the name provided to Siddhartha Gautama, the newest creator of Buddhist religion (Esposito et al. 2012a: G-6).
Buddha-nature: This new natural substance of the many sentient beings that enable them with the opportunity of Buddhahood. It is a popular religion in Chinese Buddhism (Smith and you will Environmentally friendly 1995: 129).
Buddhism: A scene faith dependent by Siddhartha Gautama, this new Buddha throughout the sixth otherwise fifth century BCE into the Asia. Teaching reincarnation and you will versatility away from worldly parts, Buddhism has three big branches: Theravada, Mahayana and you can Vajrayana. Based on Buddhism, the foundation away from suffering comes from ignorance, and this you must stick to the Eightfold Path to reach nirvana. Buddhism very first came to The usa by way of Chinese immigration (Prothero 2008: 205-206).
Bureaucracy: Since discussed by the Max Weber (1946), bureaucratic solutions was indexed of the a system away from laws and regulations you to definitely control organizational choices and procedures, and the presence out of a proper-discussed steps certainly one of positions inside bureaucratic buy. Bureaucracy try a particularly beneficial lens getting facts organizational beginning and you can emerging teams, whilst provides a construction to possess examining new formalization processes contained in this groups. On spiritual realm, while the the newest church buildings is become, the fresh denominations emerge together with parachurch market continues to grow, bureaucracy try ways to study the fresh new trajectory ones organizations as they make out-of a concept so you’re able to a fully doing work providers (Weber 1946).
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Caliph: A subject into the governmental commander of the Muslim neighborhood. Sunni Muslims accept that the quintessential qualified people might be picked since the an effective caliph, while Shi’ite Muslims accept that the brand new caliph should come from the bloodline regarding Ali, Muhammad’s cousin and child-in-legislation (Esposito 2011: 43).
Calvinism: Called Reformed theology, Calvinism try good Protestant theological community in accordance with the really works away from John Calvin (1509-1564). Calvin experienced about sheer sovereignty away from God and overall depravity away from human beings. Calvinism also incorporates new philosophy off twice predestination: the fact God fated the peoples, just before birth, to sometimes eden otherwise hell (Prothero 2008: 207).
Cane Ridge Go camping Appointment: Barton Stone organized the collarspace me prohibiГі new Cane Ridge go camping meeting (1801), the greatest and more than famous spiritual restoration of the 2nd High Awakening. It took place from inside the Bourbon Condition, Kentucky, in which he acceptance Presbyterian, Baptist and you can Methodist preachers. For additional info on Cane Ridge Camp Conference, click the link.
Cannon Laws: Church legislation or decrees offered by an enthusiastic ecclesiastical expert having governing confirmed chapel. It provides this new personal debt of your clergy and laity, missionary things, Catholic knowledge, praise together with sacraments (Reid mais aussi al. 1990: 219-220).
Cardinal: A great papal-appointed position on Roman Catholic Church accountable for electing the brand new popes. The definition of originally placed on most of the clergy that have long lasting positions. Already, there are many more than just 100 cardinals (Reid mais aussi al. 1990: 223).
Carroll, John (1735-1815): John Carroll served because the very first Catholic bishop about Joined Claims and you will aided expand the brand new Catholic Church domestically. For additional information on John Carroll, just click here.
Inside the Roman Catholicism, there clearly was a history of scientific selections dating back to this new 11th century, nevertheless very first password of canon law is actually promulgated when you look at the 1917, and you will was revised from time to time as the the first
Caste System: A complicated system away from interdependent, yet broke up, genetic, occupationally authoritative, and you can hierarchal public organizations when you look at the Asia. It’s a unique societal organization from inside the India, directed by the religious values from inside the Hinduism, and yet transcending Hinduism in the same manner you to definitely non-Hindus are susceptible to brand new status system. The dwelling of one’s caste program are going to be traced right back many regarding decades. Particular students features has just asked this new importance of one’s caste system because the a definitive expression out of Indian area and you can people. Some students actually suggest that this new status method is a recently available creativity because of the slip out-of Hindu leaders throughout the gothic months, otherwise because of Uk colonial rule (Smith and you may Green 1995: 182-185).